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2017 ; 2017
(ä): 1905968
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Pencil Graphite Electrodes: A Versatile Tool in Electroanalysis
#MMPMID28255500
David IG
; Popa DE
; Buleandra M
J Anal Methods Chem
2017[]; 2017
(ä): 1905968
PMID28255500
show ga
Due to their electrochemical and economical characteristics, pencil graphite
electrodes (PGEs) gained in recent years a large applicability to the analysis of
various types of inorganic and organic compounds from very different matrices.
The electrode material of this type of working electrodes is constituted by the
well-known and easy commercially available graphite pencil leads. Thus, PGEs are
cheap and user-friendly and can be employed as disposable electrodes avoiding the
time-consuming step of solid electrodes surface cleaning between measurements.
When compared to other working electrodes PGEs present lower background currents,
higher sensitivity, good reproducibility, and an adjustable electroactive surface
area, permitting the analysis of low concentrations and small sample volumes
without any deposition/preconcentration step. Therefore, this paper presents a
detailed overview of the PGEs characteristics, designs and applications of bare,
and electrochemically pretreated and chemically modified PGEs along with the
corresponding performance characteristics like linear range and detection limit.
Techniques used for bare or modified PGEs surface characterization are also
reviewed.
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