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2018 ; 6
(2
): ä Nephropedia Template TP
Microorganisms
2018[May]; 6
(2
): ä PMID29734665
show ga
Osteoarticular infections (OSI) are a significant cause of hospitalizations and
morbidity in young children. The pediatric patient with OSI presents unique
challenges in diagnosis and management due to higher morbidity, effect on growth
plate with associated long-lasting sequelae, and challenges in early
identification and management. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA), first described in the 1960s, has evolved rapidly to emerge as a
predominant cause of OSI in children, and therefore empiric treatment for OSI
should include an antibiotic effective against MRSA. Characterizing MRSA strains
can be done by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, detection of
Panton?Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec
(SCCmec) typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and multilocus sequence
typing (MLST). Worldwide, community-onset methicillin-resistant staphylococcal
disease is widespread and is mainly associated with a PVL-producing clone,
ST8/USA300. Many studies have implied a correlation between PVL genes and more
severe infection. We review MRSA OSI along with the pertinent aspects of its
pathogenesis, clinical spectrum, diagnosis, and current guidelines for
management.