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.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 J+Pediatr+Neurosci
2017 ; 12
(2
): 130-134
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Pediatric Autoimmune Encephalitis
#MMPMID28904568
Barbagallo M
; Vitaliti G
; Pavone P
; Romano C
; Lubrano R
; Falsaperla R
J Pediatr Neurosci
2017[Apr]; 12
(2
): 130-134
PMID28904568
show ga
Autoimmune (antibody mediated) encephalitis (AE) is emerging as a more common
cause of pediatric encephalopathy than previously thought. The autoimmune process
may be triggered by an infection, vaccine, or occult neoplasm. In the latter
case, onconeural autoantibodies are directed against intracellular neuronal
antigens, but a recent heterogeneous group of encephalitic syndromes has been
found not to have underlying tumor but is associated with autoantibodies to the
neuronal surface or synaptic antigens. Neuropsychiatric symptoms are very common
in autoimmune encephalopathy; as a result, affected children may be initially
present to psychiatrists. Neurological features are movement disorders, seizures,
altered conscious level, and cognitive regression. Hypoventilation and autonomic
features may be an aspect. Inflammatory findings in the cerebrospinal fluid may
be present but are relatively nonspecific. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may
also demonstrate abnormalities that provide clues for diagnosis, particularly on
fluid-attenuated inversion recovery or T2-weighted images. AE is well responsive
to immune therapy, with prompt diagnosis and treatment strongly beneficial.
Patients with paraneoplastic encephalitis are more refractory to treatment
compared to those in whom no malignancy is identified. Herein, the authors
present an update of literature data on the clinical presentation, laboratory and
imaging findings, therapy, and outcomes for the most common autoimmune
encephalitides.