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2017 ; 26
(4
): 303-310
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Pathophysiology and implications of intradialytic hypertension
#MMPMID28399019
Van Buren PN
Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens
2017[Jul]; 26
(4
): 303-310
PMID28399019
show ga
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Intradialytic hypertension occurs regularly in 10--15% of
hemodialysis patients. A large observational study recently showed that
intradialytic hypertension of any magnitude increased mortality risk comparable
to the most severe degrees of intradialytic hypotension. The present review
review discusses the most recent evidence underlying the pathophysiology of
intradialytic hypertension and implications for its management. RECENT FINDINGS:
Patients with intradialytic hypertension typically have small interdialytic
weight gains, but bioimpedance spectroscopy shows these patients have significant
chronic extracellular volume excess. Intradialytic hypertension patients have
lower albumin and predialysis urea nitrogen levels, which may contribute to small
reductions in osmolarity that prevents blood pressure decreases. Intradialytic
vascular resistance surges remain implicated as the driving force for blood
pressure increases, but mediators other than endothelin-1 may be responsible.
Beyond dry weight reduction, the only controlled intervention shown to interrupt
the blood pressure increase is lowering dialysate sodium. SUMMARY: Patients with
recurrent intradialytic hypertension should be identified as high-risk patients.
Dry weight should be re-evaluated, even if patients do not clinically appear
volume overloaded. Antihypertensive drugs should be prescribed because of the
persistently elevated ambulatory blood pressure. Dialysate sodium reduction
should be considered, although the long term effects of this intervention are
uncertain.