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2017 ; 369
(1
): 237-244
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Parietal cells-new perspectives in glomerular disease
#MMPMID28361304
Miesen L
; Steenbergen E
; Smeets B
Cell Tissue Res
2017[Jul]; 369
(1
): 237-244
PMID28361304
show ga
In normal glomeruli, parietal epithelial cells (PECs) line the inside of Bowman's
capsule and form an inconspicuous sheet of flat epithelial cells in continuity
with the proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) at the urinary pole and with
the podocytes at the vascular pole. PECs, PTECs and podocytes have a common
mesenchymal origin and are the result of divergent differentiation during
embryogenesis. Podocytes and PTECs are highly differentiated cells with
well-established functions pertaining to the maintenance of the filtration
barrier and transport, respectively. For PECs, no specific function other than a
structural one has been known until recently. Possible important functions for
PECs in the fate of the glomerulus in glomerular disease have now become
apparent: (1) PECs may be involved in the replacement of lost podocytes; (2) PECs
form the basis of extracapillary proliferative lesions and subsequent sclerosis
in glomerular disease. In addition to the acknowledgement that PECs are crucial
in glomerular disease, knowledge has been gained regarding the molecular
processes driving the phenotypic changes and behavior of PECs. Understanding
these molecular processes is important for the development of specific
therapeutic approaches aimed at either stimulation of the regenerative function
of PECs or inhibition of the pro-sclerotic action of PECs. In this review, we
discuss recent advances pertaining to the role of PECs in glomerular regeneration
and disease and address the major molecular processes involved.