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2015 ; 26
(9-10
): 391-402
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Paradigm shifts in genomics through the FANTOM projects
#MMPMID26253466
de Hoon M
; Shin JW
; Carninci P
Mamm Genome
2015[Oct]; 26
(9-10
): 391-402
PMID26253466
show ga
Big leaps in science happen when scientists from different backgrounds interact.
In the past 15 years, the FANTOM Consortium has brought together scientists from
different fields to analyze and interpret genomic data produced with novel
technologies, including mouse full-length cDNAs and, more recently, expression
profiling at single-nucleotide resolution by cap-analysis gene expression. The
FANTOM Consortium has provided the most comprehensive mouse cDNA collection for
functional studies and extensive maps of the human and mouse transcriptome
comprising promoters, enhancers, as well as the network of their regulatory
interactions. More importantly, serendipitous observations of the FANTOM dataset
led us to realize that the mammalian genome is pervasively transcribed, even from
retrotransposon elements, which were previously considered junk DNA. The majority
of products from the mammalian genome are long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs),
including sense-antisense, intergenic, and enhancer RNAs. While the biological
function has been elucidated for some lncRNAs, more than 98 % of them remain
without a known function. We argue that large-scale studies are urgently needed
to address the functional role of lncRNAs.
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