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2015 ; 7
(ä): 47-57
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Papilledema: epidemiology, etiology, and clinical management
#MMPMID28539794
Rigi M
; Almarzouqi SJ
; Morgan ML
; Lee AG
Eye Brain
2015[]; 7
(ä): 47-57
PMID28539794
show ga
Papilledema is optic disc swelling due to high intracranial pressure. Possible
conditions causing high intracranial pressure and papilledema include
intracerebral mass lesions, cerebral hemorrhage, head trauma, meningitis,
hydrocephalus, spinal cord lesions, impairment of cerebral sinus drainage,
anomalies of the cranium, and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).
Irrespective of the cause, visual loss is the feared morbidity of papilledema,
and the main mechanism of optic nerve damage is intraneuronal ischemia secondary
to axoplasmic flow stasis. Treatment is directed at correcting the underlying
cause. In cases where there is no other identifiable cause for intracranial
hypertension (ie, IIH) the available options include both medical and surgical
modalities. Weight loss and diuretics remain the mainstays for treatment of IIH,
and surgery is typically reserved for patients who fail, are intolerant to, or
non-compliant with maximum medical therapy.