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Oxidative Stress in Placenta: Health and Diseases
#MMPMID26693479
Wu F
; Tian FJ
; Lin Y
Biomed Res Int
2015[]; 2015
(?): 293271
PMID26693479
show ga
During pregnancy, development of the placenta is interrelated with the oxygen
concentration. Embryo development takes place in a low oxygen environment until
the beginning of the second trimester when large amounts of oxygen are conveyed
to meet the growth requirements. High metabolism and oxidative stress are common
in the placenta. Reactive oxidative species sometimes harm placental development,
but they are also reported to regulate gene transcription and downstream
activities such as trophoblast proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis.
Autophagy and apoptosis are two crucial, interconnected processes in the placenta
that are often influenced by oxidative stress. The proper interactions between
them play an important role in placental homeostasis. However, an imbalance
between the protective and destructive mechanisms of autophagy and apoptosis
seems to be linked with pregnancy-related disorders such as miscarriage,
preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction. Thus, potential therapies to
hold oxidative stress in leash, promote placentation, and avoid unwanted
apoptosis are discussed.
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