Overview of Traumatic Brain Injury: An Immunological Context
#MMPMID28124982
Nizamutdinov D
; Shapiro LA
Brain Sci
2017[Jan]; 7
(1
): ? PMID28124982
show ga
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) afflicts people of all ages and genders, and the
severity of injury ranges from concussion/mild TBI to severe TBI. Across all
spectrums, TBI has wide-ranging, and variable symptomology and outcomes.
Treatment options are lacking for the early neuropathology associated with TBIs
and for the chronic neuropathological and neurobehavioral deficits. Inflammation
and neuroinflammation appear to be major mediators of TBI outcomes. These systems
are being intensively studies using animal models and human translational
studies, in the hopes of understanding the mechanisms of TBI, and developing
therapeutic strategies to improve the outcomes of the millions of people impacted
by TBIs each year. This manuscript provides an overview of the epidemiology and
outcomes of TBI, and presents data obtained from animal and human studies
focusing on an inflammatory and immunological context. Such a context is timely,
as recent studies blur the traditional understanding of an "immune-privileged"
central nervous system. In presenting the evidence for specific, adaptive immune
response after TBI, it is hoped that future studies will be interpreted using a
broader perspective that includes the contributions of the peripheral immune
system, to central nervous system disorders, notably TBI and post-traumatic
syndromes.
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