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2014 ; 41
(1
): 21-35
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Origin and functions of tissue macrophages
#MMPMID25035951
Epelman S
; Lavine KJ
; Randolph GJ
Immunity
2014[Jul]; 41
(1
): 21-35
PMID25035951
show ga
Macrophages are distributed in tissues throughout the body and contribute to both
homeostasis and disease. Recently, it has become evident that most adult tissue
macrophages originate during embryonic development and not from circulating
monocytes. Each tissue has its own composition of embryonically derived and
adult-derived macrophages, but it is unclear whether macrophages of distinct
origins are functionally interchangeable or have unique roles at steady state.
This new understanding also prompts reconsideration of the function of
circulating monocytes. Classical Ly6c(hi) monocytes patrol the extravascular
space in resting organs, and Ly6c(lo) nonclassical monocytes patrol the
vasculature. Inflammation triggers monocytes to differentiate into macrophages,
but whether resident and newly recruited macrophages possess similar functions
during inflammation is unclear. Here, we define the tools used for identifying
the complex origin of tissue macrophages and discuss the relative contributions
of tissue niche versus ontological origin to the regulation of macrophage
functions during steady state and inflammation.
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