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2017 ; 5
(1
): 52
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Optimizing methods and dodging pitfalls in microbiome research
#MMPMID28476139
Kim D
; Hofstaedter CE
; Zhao C
; Mattei L
; Tanes C
; Clarke E
; Lauder A
; Sherrill-Mix S
; Chehoud C
; Kelsen J
; Conrad M
; Collman RG
; Baldassano R
; Bushman FD
; Bittinger K
Microbiome
2017[May]; 5
(1
): 52
PMID28476139
show ga
Research on the human microbiome has yielded numerous insights into health and
disease, but also has resulted in a wealth of experimental artifacts. Here, we
present suggestions for optimizing experimental design and avoiding known
pitfalls, organized in the typical order in which studies are carried out. We
first review best practices in experimental design and introduce common
confounders such as age, diet, antibiotic use, pet ownership, longitudinal
instability, and microbial sharing during cohousing in animal studies. Typically,
samples will need to be stored, so we provide data on best practices for several
sample types. We then discuss design and analysis of positive and negative
controls, which should always be run with experimental samples. We introduce a
convenient set of non-biological DNA sequences that can be useful as positive
controls for high-volume analysis. Careful analysis of negative and positive
controls is particularly important in studies of samples with low microbial
biomass, where contamination can comprise most or all of a sample. Lastly, we
summarize approaches to enhancing experimental robustness by careful control of
multiple comparisons and to comparing discovery and validation cohorts. We hope
the experimental tactics summarized here will help researchers in this exciting
field advance their studies efficiently while avoiding errors.