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2015 ; 2
(ä): 15017-
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Oncolysis by paramyxoviruses: preclinical and clinical studies
#MMPMID26640815
Matveeva OV
; Guo ZS
; Senin VM
; Senina AV
; Shabalina SA
; Chumakov PM
Mol Ther Oncolytics
2015[]; 2
(ä): 15017-
PMID26640815
show ga
Preclinical studies demonstrate that a broad spectrum of human malignant cells
can be killed by oncolytic paramyxoviruses, which include cells of ecto-, endo-,
and mesodermal origin. In clinical trials, significant reduction in size or even
complete elimination of primary tumors and established metastases are reported.
Different routes of viral administration (intratumoral, intravenous, intradermal,
intraperitoneal, or intrapleural), and single- versus multiple-dose
administration schemes have been explored. The reported side effects are grade 1
and 2, with the most common among them being mild fever. Some advantages in using
para-myxoviruses as oncolytic agents versus representatives of other viral
families exist. The cytoplasmic replication results in a lack of host genome
integration and recombination, which makes paramyxoviruses safer and more
attractive candidates for widely used therapeutic oncolysis in comparison with
retroviruses or some DNA viruses. The list of oncolytic paramyxovirus
representatives includes attenuated measles virus (MV), mumps virus (MuV), low
pathogenic Newcastle disease (NDV), and Sendai (SeV) viruses. Metastatic cancer
cells frequently overexpress on their surface some molecules that can serve as
receptors for MV, MuV, NDV, and SeV. This promotes specific viral attachment to
the malignant cell, which is frequently followed by specific viral replication.
The paramyxoviruses are capable of inducing efficient syncytium-mediated lyses of
cancer cells and elicit strong immunomodulatory effects that dramatically enforce
anticancer immune surveillance. In general, preclinical studies and phase 1-3
clinical trials yield very encouraging results and warrant continued research of
oncolytic paramyxoviruses as a particularly valuable addition to the existing
panel of cancer-fighting approaches.