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2015 ; 112
(46
): 14248-53
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On artifacts in single-molecule force spectroscopy
#MMPMID26540730
Cossio P
; Hummer G
; Szabo A
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
2015[Nov]; 112
(46
): 14248-53
PMID26540730
show ga
In typical force spectroscopy experiments, a small biomolecule is attached to a
soft polymer linker that is pulled with a relatively large bead or cantilever. At
constant force, the total extension stochastically changes between two (or more)
values, indicating that the biomolecule undergoes transitions between two (or
several) conformational states. In this paper, we consider the influence of the
dynamics of the linker and mesoscopic pulling device on the force-dependent rate
of the conformational transition extracted from the time dependence of the total
extension, and the distribution of rupture forces in force-clamp and force-ramp
experiments, respectively. For these different experiments, we derive analytic
expressions for the observables that account for the mechanical response and
dynamics of the pulling device and linker. Possible artifacts arise when the
characteristic times of the pulling device and linker become comparable to, or
slower than, the lifetimes of the metastable conformational states, and when the
highly anharmonic regime of stretched linkers is probed at high forces. We also
revisit the problem of relating force-clamp and force-ramp experiments, and
identify a linker and loading rate-dependent correction to the rates extracted
from the latter. The theory provides a framework for both the design and the
quantitative analysis of force spectroscopy experiments by highlighting, and
correcting for, factors that complicate their interpretation.