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2015 ; 22
(4
): 526-39
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Old, new and emerging functions of caspases
#MMPMID25526085
Shalini S
; Dorstyn L
; Dawar S
; Kumar S
Cell Death Differ
2015[Apr]; 22
(4
): 526-39
PMID25526085
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Caspases are proteases with a well-defined role in apoptosis. However, increasing
evidence indicates multiple functions of caspases outside apoptosis. Caspase-1
and caspase-11 have roles in inflammation and mediating inflammatory cell death
by pyroptosis. Similarly, caspase-8 has dual role in cell death, mediating both
receptor-mediated apoptosis and in its absence, necroptosis. Caspase-8 also
functions in maintenance and homeostasis of the adult T-cell population.
Caspase-3 has important roles in tissue differentiation, regeneration and neural
development in ways that are distinct and do not involve any apoptotic activity.
Several other caspases have demonstrated anti-tumor roles. Notable among them are
caspase-2, -8 and -14. However, increased caspase-2 and -8 expression in certain
types of tumor has also been linked to promoting tumorigenesis. Increased levels
of caspase-3 in tumor cells causes apoptosis and secretion of paracrine factors
that promotes compensatory proliferation in surrounding normal tissues, tumor
cell repopulation and presents a barrier for effective therapeutic strategies.
Besides this caspase-2 has emerged as a unique caspase with potential roles in
maintaining genomic stability, metabolism, autophagy and aging. The present
review focuses on some of these less studied and emerging functions of mammalian
caspases.
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