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2017 ; 13
(11
): 1345-1348
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Ocular Manifestations of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
#MMPMID28942764
Santos M
; Hofmann RJ
J Clin Sleep Med
2017[Nov]; 13
(11
): 1345-1348
PMID28942764
show ga
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) incurs a host of systemic side
effects. The eyes are particularly susceptible to both mechanical and vascular
sequelae of the disease. This paper outlines the ocular manifestations of sleep
apnea. The authors hope to increase awareness of the ocular complications of this
common disorder and increase communication and co-management between eye-care
providers and sleep specialists alike. METHODS: Data were collected from PubMed
and the Brown University Library Collection. RESULTS: Twenty-two papers were
included in this review to address floppy eyelid syndrome, nonarteritic anterior
ischemic optic neuropathy, central serous retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion,
and glaucoma. We used three meta-analyses and several cross-sectional cohort and
case-control studies that investigate the aforementioned conditions and their
associations with OSA. CONCLUSIONS: Hypoxia induced by nightly cessation of
breathing increases patients' risk of coronary artery disease, heart failure,
stroke, and other conditions. As with many maladies detrimental to vascular
health, obstructive sleep apnea affects the eye and ocular adnexa. This paper
summarizes the current evidence implicating OSA in these ocular maladies and
highlights their proposed mechanisms. The authors describe ocular pathology which
sleep specialists may encounter. We encourage more aggressive attention to ocular
symptoms in patients with sleep apnea to prevent vision-threatening
complications. Further research should investigate how sleep apnea treatment
affects these ocular findings and identify which sleep apnea patients are most
prone to developing ocular pathology.