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.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 J+Clin+Oncol
2016 ; 34
(35
): 4277-4283
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Obesity and Cancer Mechanisms: Cancer Metabolism
#MMPMID27903152
Hopkins BD
; Goncalves MD
; Cantley LC
J Clin Oncol
2016[Dec]; 34
(35
): 4277-4283
PMID27903152
show ga
Obesity is a risk factor for cancer development and is associated with poor
prognosis in multiple tumor types. The positive energy balance linked with
obesity induces a variety of systemic changes including altered levels of
insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, leptin, adiponectin, steroid hormones, and
cytokines. Each of these factors alters the nutritional milieu and has the
potential to create an environment that favors tumor initiation and progression.
Although the complete ramifications of obesity as it relates to cancer are still
unclear, there is convincing evidence that reducing the magnitude of the systemic
hormonal and inflammatory changes has significant clinical benefits. This review
will examine the changes that occur in the obese state and review the biologic
mechanisms that connect these changes to increased cancer risk. Understanding the
metabolic changes that occur in obese individuals may also help to elucidate more
effective treatment options for these patients when they develop cancer. Moving
forward, targeted clinical trials examining the effects of behavioral
modifications such as reduced carbohydrate intake, caloric restriction,
structured exercise, and/or pharmacologic interventions such as the use of
metformin, in obese populations may help to reduce their cancer risk.
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