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Nutritional Signaling via Free Fatty Acid Receptors
#MMPMID27023530
Miyamoto J
; Hasegawa S
; Kasubuchi M
; Ichimura A
; Nakajima A
; Kimura I
Int J Mol Sci
2016[Mar]; 17
(4
): 450
PMID27023530
show ga
Excess energy is stored primarily as triglycerides, which are mobilized when
demand for energy arises. Dysfunction of energy balance by excess food intake
leads to metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. Free fatty acids
(FFAs) provided by dietary fat are not only important nutrients, but also
contribute key physiological functions via FFA receptor (FFAR)-mediated signaling
molecules, which depend on FFAs' carbon chain length and the ligand specificity
of the receptors. Functional analyses have revealed that FFARs are critical for
metabolic functions, such as peptide hormone secretion and inflammation, and
contribute to energy homeostasis. In particular, recent studies have shown that
the administration of selective agonists of G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 40
and GPR120 improved glucose metabolism and systemic metabolic disorders.
Furthermore, the anti-inflammation and energy metabolism effects of short chain
FAs have been linked to the activation of GPR41 and GPR43. In this review, we
summarize recent progress in research on FFAs and their physiological roles in
the regulation of energy metabolism.
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