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2017 ; 8
(ä): 27
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Nuclear Actin in Development and Transcriptional Reprogramming
#MMPMID28326098
Misu S
; Takebayashi M
; Miyamoto K
Front Genet
2017[]; 8
(ä): 27
PMID28326098
show ga
Actin is a highly abundant protein in eukaryotic cells and dynamically changes
its polymerized states with the help of actin-binding proteins. Its critical
function as a constituent of cytoskeleton has been well-documented. Growing
evidence demonstrates that actin is also present in nuclei, referred to as
nuclear actin, and is involved in a number of nuclear processes, including
transcriptional regulation and chromatin remodeling. The contribution of nuclear
actin to transcriptional regulation can be explained by its direct interaction
with transcription machineries and chromatin remodeling factors and by
controlling the activities of transcription factors. In both cases, polymerized
states of nuclear actin affect the transcriptional outcome. Nuclear actin also
plays an important role in activating strongly silenced genes in somatic cells
for transcriptional reprogramming. When these nuclear functions of actin are
considered, it is plausible to speculate that nuclear actin is also implicated in
embryonic development, in which numerous genes need to be activated in a
well-coordinated manner. In this review, we especially focus on nuclear actin's
roles in transcriptional activation, reprogramming and development, including
stem cell differentiation and we discuss how nuclear actin can be an important
player in development and cell differentiation.