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J Physiol
2014[Jul]; 592
(14
): 2951-8
PMID24665102
show ga
The existence of the hormone gastrin in the distal stomach (antrum) has been
known for almost 110 years, and the physiological function of this amidated
peptide in regulating gastric acid secretion via the CCK2 receptor is now well
established. In this brief review we consider important additional roles of
gastrin, including regulation of genes encoding proteins such as plasminogen
activator inhibitors and matrix metalloproteinases that have important actions on
extracellular matrix remodelling. These actions are, at least in part, effected
by paracrine signalling pathways and make important contributions to maintaining
functional integrity of the gastric epithelium. Recent studies also provide
support for the idea that gastrin, in concert with other hormones, could
potentially contribute a post-prandial incretin effect. We also review recent
developments in the biology of other gastrin gene products, including the
precursor progastrin, which causes proliferation of the colonic epithelium and in
certain circumstances may induce cancer formation. Glycine-extended biosynthetic
processing intermediates also have proliferative effects in colonic mucosa and in
some oesophageal cancer cell lines. Whether these additional gene products exert
their effects through the CCK2 receptor or a separate entity is currently a
matter of debate.
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