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2016 ; 44
(10
): 4907-19
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Novel modes of RNA editing in mitochondria
#MMPMID27001515
Moreira S
; Valach M
; Aoulad-Aissa M
; Otto C
; Burger G
Nucleic Acids Res
2016[Jun]; 44
(10
): 4907-19
PMID27001515
show ga
Gene structure and expression in diplonemid mitochondria are unparalleled. Genes
are fragmented in pieces (modules) that are separately transcribed, followed by
the joining of module transcripts to contiguous RNAs. Some instances of unique
uridine insertion RNA editing at module boundaries were noted, but the extent and
potential occurrence of other editing types remained unknown. Comparative
analysis of deep transcriptome and genome data from Diplonema papillatum
mitochondria reveals ?220 post-transcriptional insertions of uridines, but no
insertions of other nucleotides nor deletions. In addition, we detect in total
114 substitutions of cytosine by uridine and adenosine by inosine, amassed into
unusually compact clusters. Inosines in transcripts were confirmed
experimentally. This is the first report of adenosine-to-inosine editing of mRNAs
and ribosomal RNAs in mitochondria. In mRNAs, editing causes mostly amino-acid
additions and non-synonymous substitutions; in ribosomal RNAs, it permits
formation of canonical secondary structures. Two extensively edited transcripts
were compared across four diplonemids. The pattern of uridine-insertion editing
is strictly conserved, whereas substitution editing has diverged dramatically,
but still rendering diplonemid proteins more similar to other eukaryotic
orthologs. We posit that RNA editing not only compensates but also sustains, or
even accelerates, ultra-rapid evolution of genome structure and sequence in
diplonemid mitochondria.
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