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2016 ; 30
(12
): 4021-4032
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Novel ketone diet enhances physical and cognitive performance
#MMPMID27528626
Murray AJ
; Knight NS
; Cole MA
; Cochlin LE
; Carter E
; Tchabanenko K
; Pichulik T
; Gulston MK
; Atherton HJ
; Schroeder MA
; Deacon RM
; Kashiwaya Y
; King MT
; Pawlosky R
; Rawlins JN
; Tyler DJ
; Griffin JL
; Robertson J
; Veech RL
; Clarke K
FASEB J
2016[Dec]; 30
(12
): 4021-4032
PMID27528626
show ga
Ketone bodies are the most energy-efficient fuel and yield more ATP per mole of
substrate than pyruvate and increase the free energy released from ATP
hydrolysis. Elevation of circulating ketones via high-fat, low-carbohydrate diets
has been used for the treatment of drug-refractory epilepsy and for
neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease. Ketones may also be
beneficial for muscle and brain in times of stress, such as endurance exercise.
The challenge has been to raise circulating ketone levels by using a palatable
diet without altering lipid levels. We found that blood ketone levels can be
increased and cholesterol and triglycerides decreased by feeding rats a novel
ketone ester diet: chow that is supplemented with (R)-3-hydroxybutyl
(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate as 30% of calories. For 5 d, rats on the ketone diet ran
32% further on a treadmill than did control rats that ate an isocaloric diet that
was supplemented with either corn starch or palm oil (P < 0.05). Ketone-fed rats
completed an 8-arm radial maze test 38% faster than did those on the other diets,
making more correct decisions before making a mistake (P < 0.05). Isolated,
perfused hearts from rats that were fed the ketone diet had greater free energy
available from ATP hydrolysis during increased work than did hearts from rats on
the other diets as shown by using [(31)P]-NMR spectroscopy. The novel ketone
diet, therefore, improved physical performance and cognitive function in rats,
and its energy-sparing properties suggest that it may help to treat a range of
human conditions with metabolic abnormalities.-Murray, A. J., Knight, N. S.,
Cole, M. A., Cochlin, L. E., Carter, E., Tchabanenko, K., Pichulik, T., Gulston,
M. K., Atherton, H. J., Schroeder, M. A., Deacon, R. M. J., Kashiwaya, Y., King,
M. T., Pawlosky, R., Rawlins, J. N. P., Tyler, D. J., Griffin, J. L., Robertson,
J., Veech, R. L., Clarke, K. Novel ketone diet enhances physical and cognitive
performance.
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