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2017 ; 16
(1
): 173
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Novel insights into chromosomal conformations in cancer
#MMPMID29149895
Jia R
; Chai P
; Zhang H
; Fan X
Mol Cancer
2017[Nov]; 16
(1
): 173
PMID29149895
show ga
Exploring gene function is critical for understanding the complexity of life. DNA
sequences and the three-dimensional organization of chromatin (chromosomal
interactions) are considered enigmatic factors underlying gene function, and
interactions between two distant fragments can regulate transactivation activity
via mediator proteins. Thus, a series of chromosome conformation capture
techniques have been developed, including chromosome conformation capture (3C),
circular chromosome conformation capture (4C), chromosome conformation capture
carbon copy (5C), and high-resolution chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C). The
application of these techniques has expanded to various fields, but cancer
remains one of the major topics. Interactions mediated by proteins or long
noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are typically found using 4C-sequencing and chromatin
interaction analysis by paired-end tag sequencing (ChIA-PET). Currently, Hi-C is
used to identify chromatin loops between cancer risk-associated single-nucleotide
polymorphisms (SNPs) found by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and their
target genes. Chromosomal conformations are responsible for altered gene
regulation through several typical mechanisms and contribute to the biological
behavior and malignancy of different tumors, particularly prostate cancer, breast
cancer and hematologic neoplasms. Moreover, different subtypes may exhibit
different 3D-chromosomal conformations. Thus, C-tech can be used to help diagnose
cancer subtypes and alleviate cancer progression by destroying specific
chromosomal conformations. Here, we review the fundamentals and improvements in
chromosome conformation capture techniques and their clinical applications in
cancer to provide insight for future research.