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2015 ; 5
(ä): 12110
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Normal fault earthquakes or graviquakes
#MMPMID26169163
Doglioni C
; Carminati E
; Petricca P
; Riguzzi F
Sci Rep
2015[Jul]; 5
(ä): 12110
PMID26169163
show ga
Earthquakes are dissipation of energy throughout elastic waves. Canonically is
the elastic energy accumulated during the interseismic period. However, in
crustal extensional settings, gravity is the main energy source for hangingwall
fault collapsing. Gravitational potential is about 100 times larger than the
observed magnitude, far more than enough to explain the earthquake. Therefore,
normal faults have a different mechanism of energy accumulation and dissipation
(graviquakes) with respect to other tectonic settings (strike-slip and
contractional), where elastic energy allows motion even against gravity. The
bigger the involved volume, the larger is their magnitude. The steeper the normal
fault, the larger is the vertical displacement and the larger is the seismic
energy released. Normal faults activate preferentially at about 60° but they can
be shallower in low friction rocks. In low static friction rocks, the fault may
partly creep dissipating gravitational energy without releasing great amount of
seismic energy. The maximum volume involved by graviquakes is smaller than the
other tectonic settings, being the activated fault at most about three times the
hypocentre depth, explaining their higher b-value and the lower magnitude of the
largest recorded events. Having different phenomenology, graviquakes show
peculiar precursors.
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