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2017 ; 8
(ä): 1946
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Nonsuicidal Self-injury: A Systematic Review
#MMPMID29167651
Cipriano A
; Cella S
; Cotrufo P
Front Psychol
2017[]; 8
(ä): 1946
PMID29167651
show ga
Objective: Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) refers to the intentional
self-inflicted destruction of body tissue without suicidal intention and for
purposes not socially sanctioned. Our paper presents an up-to-date overview on
nonsuicidal, self-injurious behaviors. Method: In accordance with PRISMA
guidelines, a systematic literature search was conducted across two databases,
PubMed and PsycARTICLES, regarding the main features of NSSI with a focus on
epidemiological and etiologic data, diagnostic criteria, and functions. All
English articles, published between 1998 and 2016, were considered, and screened
against a priori inclusion/exclusion criteria. The search terms include:
self-harm, self-injury, NSSI, epidemiology, comorbidity, gender, functions and
DSM. We also examined the references of the retrieved articles. Results: NSSI is
most common among adolescents and young adults, and the age of onset is reported
to occur between 12 and 14 years. Comorbidity with borderline personality
disorder (BPD) and eating disorders is often reported. DSM-5 includes NSSI as a
condition requiring further study. This review gives an overview of the
prevalence rates (7.5-46.5% adolescents, 38.9% university students, 4-23% adults)
and main causes that appear to stem from childhood trauma, comorbidity with many
other disorders and several functions of NSSI, and the potential independence of
a NSSI disorder. Conclusion: Over the years, interest in NSSI grew to such an
extent that an ongoing debate was instigated on whether NSSI should be considered
as a diagnosis in its own right and given its own category. This paper provides
an up-to-date overview on self-injury, what is known about it and what remains to
be done. Clearly, our understanding of the main issues of NSSI has increased in
last two decades. However, future researches is needed to examine the
developmental trajectories, cultural backgrounds and shed light on the risk
factors and functions as well as clarify its role as an independent diagnostic
entity.
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