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2014 ; 543
(2
): 61-162
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Nonlinear and Stochastic Dynamics in the Heart
#MMPMID25267872
Qu Z
; Hu G
; Garfinkel A
; Weiss JN
Phys Rep
2014[Oct]; 543
(2
): 61-162
PMID25267872
show ga
In a normal human life span, the heart beats about 2 to 3 billion times. Under
diseased conditions, a heart may lose its normal rhythm and degenerate suddenly
into much faster and irregular rhythms, called arrhythmias, which may lead to
sudden death. The transition from a normal rhythm to an arrhythmia is a
transition from regular electrical wave conduction to irregular or turbulent wave
conduction in the heart, and thus this medical problem is also a problem of
physics and mathematics. In the last century, clinical, experimental, and
theoretical studies have shown that dynamical theories play fundamental roles in
understanding the mechanisms of the genesis of the normal heart rhythm as well as
lethal arrhythmias. In this article, we summarize in detail the nonlinear and
stochastic dynamics occurring in the heart and their links to normal cardiac
functions and arrhythmias, providing a holistic view through integrating dynamics
from the molecular (microscopic) scale, to the organelle (mesoscopic) scale, to
the cellular, tissue, and organ (macroscopic) scales. We discuss what existing
problems and challenges are waiting to be solved and how multi-scale mathematical
modeling and nonlinear dynamics may be helpful for solving these problems.
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