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2008 ; 49
(2
): 209-19
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Nonhuman primate infections after organ transplantation
#MMPMID18323582
ILAR J
2008[]; 49
(2
): 209-19
PMID18323582
show ga
Nonhuman primates, primarily rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), cynomolgus
macaques (Macaca fascicularis), and baboons (Papio spp.), have been used
extensively in research models of solid organ transplantation, mainly because the
nonhuman primate (NHP) immune system closely resembles that of the human.
Nonhuman primates are also frequently the model of choice for preclinical testing
of new immunosuppressive strategies. But the management of post-transplant
nonhuman primates is complex, because it often involves multiple
immunosuppressive agents, many of which are new and have unknown effects.
Additionally, the resulting immunosuppression carries a risk of infectious
complications, which are challenging to diagnose. Last, because of the natural
tendency of animals to hide signs of weakness, infectious complications may not
be obvious until the animal becomes severely ill. For these reasons the diagnosis
of infectious complications is difficult among post-transplant NHPs. Because most
nonhuman primate studies in organ transplantation are quite small, there are only
a few published reports concerning infections after transplantation in nonhuman
primates. Based on our survey of these reports, the incidence of infection in NHP
transplant models is 14%. The majority of reports suggest that many of these
infections are due to reactivation of viruses endemic to the primate species,
such as cytomegalovirus (CMV), polyomavirus, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related
infections. In this review, we address the epidemiology, pathogenesis, role of
prophylaxis, clinical presentation, and treatment of infectious complications
after solid organ transplantation in nonhuman primates.