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2016 ; 15
(3
): 200-21
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Noncoding RNAs in breast cancer
#MMPMID26685283
Lo PK
; Wolfson B
; Zhou X
; Duru N
; Gernapudi R
; Zhou Q
Brief Funct Genomics
2016[May]; 15
(3
): 200-21
PMID26685283
show ga
The mammalian transcriptome has recently been revealed to encompass a large
number of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that play a variety of important regulatory
roles in gene expression and other biological processes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), the
best studied of the short noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs), have been extensively
characterized with regard to their biogenesis, function and importance in
tumorigenesis. Another class of sncRNAs called piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) has
also gained attention recently in cancer research owing to their critical role in
stem cell regulation. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) of >200 nucleotides in length
have recently emerged as key regulators of developmental processes, including
mammary gland development. lncRNA dysregulation has also been implicated in the
development of various cancers, including breast cancer. In this review, we
describe and discuss the roles of sncRNAs (including miRNAs and piRNAs) and
lncRNAs in the initiation and progression of breast tumorigenesis, with a focus
on outlining the molecular mechanisms of oncogenic and tumor-suppressor ncRNAs.
Moreover, the current and potential future applications of ncRNAs to clinical
breast cancer research are also discussed, with an emphasis on ncRNA-based
diagnosis, prognosis and future therapeutics.
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