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2014 ; 4
(9
): a018473
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Nonclassical T cells and their antigens in tuberculosis
#MMPMID25059739
De Libero G
; Singhal A
; Lepore M
; Mori L
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med
2014[Jul]; 4
(9
): a018473
PMID25059739
show ga
T cells that recognize nonpeptidic antigens, and thereby are identified as
nonclassical, represent important yet poorly characterized effectors of the
immune response. They are present in large numbers in circulating blood and
tissues and are as abundant as T cells recognizing peptide antigens. Nonclassical
T cells exert multiple functions including immunoregulation, tumor control, and
protection against infections. They recognize complexes of nonpeptidic antigens
such as lipid and glycolipid molecules, vitamin B2 precursors, and phosphorylated
metabolites of the mevalonate pathway. Each of these antigens is presented by
antigen-presenting molecules other than major histocompatibility complex (MHC),
including CD1, MHC class I-related molecule 1 (MR1), and butyrophilin 3A1
(BTN3A1) molecules. Here, we discuss how nonclassical T cells participate in the
recognition of mycobacterial antigens and in the mycobacterial-specific immune
response.