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2015 ; 16
(ä): 55-77
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Non-CG Methylation in the Human Genome
#MMPMID26077819
He Y
; Ecker JR
Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet
2015[]; 16
(ä): 55-77
PMID26077819
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DNA methylation is a chemical modification that occurs predominantly on CG
dinucleotides in mammalian genomes. However, recent studies have revealed that
non-CG methylation (mCH) is abundant and nonrandomly distributed in the genomes
of pluripotent cells and brain cells, and is present at lower levels in many
other human cells and tissues. Surprisingly, mCH in pluripotent cells is distinct
from that in brain cells in terms of sequence specificity and association with
transcription, indicating the existence of different mCH pathways. In addition,
several recent studies have begun to reveal the biological significance of mCH in
diverse cellular processes. In reprogrammed somatic cells, mCH marks
megabase-scale regions that have failed to revert to the pluripotent epigenetic
state. In myocytes, promoter mCH accumulation is associated with the
transcriptional response to environmental factors. In brain cells, mCH
accumulates during the establishment of neural circuits and is associated with
Rett syndrome. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of mCH and
its possible functional consequences in different biological contexts.
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