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2018 ; 13
(4
): e0194179
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Niosomes, an alternative for liposomal delivery
#MMPMID29649223
Bartelds R
; Nematollahi MH
; Pols T
; Stuart MCA
; Pardakhty A
; Asadikaram G
; Poolman B
PLoS One
2018[]; 13
(4
): e0194179
PMID29649223
show ga
Niosomes are used in studies for drug delivery or gene transfer. However, their
physical properties and features relative to liposomes are not well documented.
To characterize and more rationally optimize niosome formulations, the properties
of these vesicle systems are compared to those of liposomes composed of
phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine lipids plus cholesterol.
Niosomes are highly stable and only slightly more leaky than liposomes as assayed
by calcein leakage; the permeability for ions (KCl) is higher than that of
liposomes. Contrary to liposomes, the size of niosomes decreases substantially
upon freezing in liquid nitrogen and subsequent thawing, as shown by cryo-EM and
dynamic light scattering. The packing of niosomal membranes was determined by
laurdan fluorescence and is slightly lower than that of liposomes. We did not
succeed in the functional reconstitution of the L-arginine/L-ornithine antiporter
ArcD2 in niosomes, which we attribute to the non-ionic nature of the surfactants.
The antimicrobial peptides alamethicin and melittin act similarly on niosomes and
liposomes composed of unsaturated components, whereas both niosomes and liposomes
are unaffected when saturated amphiphiles are used. In conclusion, in terms of
stability and permeability for drug-size molecules niosomes are comparable to
liposomes and they may offer an excellent, inexpensive alternative for delivery
purposes.
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