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2015 ; 7
(ä): 48
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New insights into nucleolar structure and function
#MMPMID26097721
Lam YW
; Trinkle-Mulcahy L
F1000Prime Rep
2015[]; 7
(ä): 48
PMID26097721
show ga
The nucleolus is a non-membrane-bound nuclear organelle found in all eukaryotes.
It is the quintessential 'RNA-seeded' nuclear body, forming around specific
chromosomal features called nucleolar organizing regions that contain arrays of
ribosomal DNA. Assembly is triggered by activation of RNA polymerase I-mediated
transcription and regulated in mammalian cells in a cell cycle-dependent manner.
Although the nucleolus is best known for its role in coordinating ribosome
biogenesis, biochemical and proteomic analyses have revealed a much wider
functional complexity than previously appreciated, including roles in cell cycle
regulation, DNA damage sensing and repair, pre-mRNA processing, telomere
metabolism, processing of non-coding RNAs, and coordination of the cellular
response to various stresses. Despite these advances, much remains to be learned
about the full range of biological processes that occur within, or involve, this
organelle and how its assembly/disassembly and functional reorganization in
response to various stimuli are regulated. Here, we review the impact of recent
studies that provide major insights into these fundamental questions, and we
highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting nucleolar pathways.