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EXCLI J
2015[]; 14
(?): 220-7
PMID26600743
show ga
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are involved in bacterial killing as well
as autoimmunity, because NETs contain proteases, bactericidal peptides, DNA and
ribonucleoprotein. NETs are formed via a novel type of cell death called NETosis.
NETosis is distinct from apoptosis, but it resembles necrosis in that both
membranes are not intact so that they allow intracellular proteins to leak
outside of the cells. Removal of NETs and neutrophils undergoing NETosis by
phagocytes and its subsequent response are not completely clarified, as compared
with the response after removal of either apoptotic or necrotic neutrophils by
phagocytes. How neutrophil density in peripheral blood is kept within a certain
range is important for health and disease. Although the studies on severe
congenital neutropenia and benign ethnic neutropenia have provided unbiased views
on it, the studies are rather limited to human neutropenia, and mice with a
mutation of mouse counterpart gene often fail to exhibit neutropenia.
Degranulation plays a critical role in bactericidal action. The recent studies
revealed that it is also involved in immunomodulation, pain control and estrous
cycle control. N1 and N2 are representative of neutrophil subpopulations. The
dichotomy holds true in patients or mice with severe trauma or cancer, providing
the basis of differential roles of neutrophils in diseases.
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