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2017 ; 264
(5
): 1023-1028
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Neurosarcoidosis: a clinical approach to diagnosis and management
#MMPMID27878437
Ibitoye RT
; Wilkins A
; Scolding NJ
J Neurol
2017[May]; 264
(5
): 1023-1028
PMID27878437
show ga
Sarcoidosis is a rare but important cause of neurological morbidity, and
neurological symptoms often herald the diagnosis. Our understanding of
neurosarcoidosis has evolved from early descriptions of a uveoparotid fever to
include presentations involving every part of the neural axis. The diagnosis
should be suspected in patients with sarcoidosis who develop new neurological
symptoms, those presenting with syndromes highly suggestive of neurosarcoidosis,
or neuro-inflammatory disease where more common causes have been excluded.
Investigation should look for evidence of neuro-inflammation, best achieved by
contrast-enhanced brain magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid
analysis. Evidence of sarcoidosis outside the nervous system should be sought in
search of tissue for biopsy. Skin lesions should be identified and biopsies
taken. Chest radiography including high-resolution computed tomography is often
informative. In difficult cases, fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography
and gallium-67 imaging may identify subclinical disease and a target for biopsy.
Symptomatic patients should be treated with corticosteroids, and if clinically
indicated other immunosuppressants such as hydroxychloroquine, azathioprine,
cyclophosphamide or methotrexate should be added. Anti-tumour necrosis factor
alpha therapies may be considered in refractory disease but caution should be
exercised as there is evidence to suggest they may unmask disease.
|*Disease Management
[MESH]
|Central Nervous System Diseases/*diagnosis/epidemiology/*therapy
[MESH]