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2016 ; 55
(ä): 99-109
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Neuropeptide Y: A stressful review
#MMPMID26441327
Reichmann F
; Holzer P
Neuropeptides
2016[Feb]; 55
(ä): 99-109
PMID26441327
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Stress is defined as an adverse condition that disturbs the homeostasis of the
body and activates adaptation responses. Among the many pathways and mediators
involved, neuropeptide Y (NPY) stands out due to its unique stress-relieving,
anxiolytic and neuroprotective properties. Stress exposure alters the
biosynthesis of NPY in distinct brain regions, the magnitude and direction of
this effect varying with the duration and type of stress. NPY is expressed in
particular neurons of the brainstem, hypothalamus and limbic system, which
explains why NPY has an impact on stress-related changes in emotional-affective
behaviour and feeding as well as on stress coping. The biological actions of NPY
in mammals are mediated by the Y1, Y2, Y4 and Y5 receptors, Y1 receptor
stimulation being anxiolytic whereas Y2 receptor activation is anxiogenic.
Emerging evidence attributes NPY a role in stress resilience, the ability to cope
with stress. Thus there is a negative correlation between stress-induced
behavioural disruption and cerebral NPY expression in animal models of
post-traumatic stress disorder. Exogenous NPY prevents the negative consequences
of stress, and polymorphisms of the NPY gene are predictive of impaired stress
processing and increased risk of neuropsychiatric diseases. Stress is also a
factor contributing to, and resulting from, neurodegenerative diseases such as
Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's disease, in which NPY appears to play
an important neuroprotective role. This review summarizes the evidence for an
implication of NPY in stress-related and neurodegenerative pathologies and
addresses the cerebral NPY system as a therapeutic target.
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