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10.1016/j.conb.2014.05.003 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1016/j.conb.2014.05.003 C4252488!4252488 !24907657     free     free     free Warning: imagejpeg(C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\phplern\24907657 .jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117       Curr+Opin+Neurobiol 2014 ; 29 (ä): 48-56 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=24907657 |t=2014. Neuromodulation of neurons and synapses |pdf=|usr=}}{{24907657 }} gab.com Text Neuromodulation of neurons and synapses JO: Curr Opin Neurobiol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=24907657 #FOAvip Neuromodulation underlies the flexibility of neural circuit operation and behavior. Individual neuromodulators can have divergent actions in a neuron by targeting multiple physiological mechanisms. Conversely, multiple neuromodulators may have convergent actions through overlapping targets. The divergent and convergent neuromodulator actions can be unambiguously synergistic or antagonistic, but neuromodulation often entails balanced adjustment of nonlinear membrane and synaptic properties by targeting ion channel and synaptic dynamics rather than just excitability or synaptic strength. In addition, neuromodulators can exert effects at multiple timescales, from short-term adjustments of neuron and synapse function to persistent long-term regulation. This short review summarizes some highlights of the diverse actions of neuromodulators on ion channel and synaptic properties. Twit Text FOAVip Neuromodulation of neurons and synapses ????Curr Opin Neurobiol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=24907657 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=24907657 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|24907657 }}</ref> Neuromodulation of neurons and synapses #MMPMID24907657 Nadim F ; Bucher D Curr Opin Neurobiol 2014[Dec]; 29 (ä): 48-56 PMID24907657 show ga Neuromodulation underlies the flexibility of neural circuit operation and behavior. Individual neuromodulators can have divergent actions in a neuron by targeting multiple physiological mechanisms. Conversely, multiple neuromodulators may have convergent actions through overlapping targets. The divergent and convergent neuromodulator actions can be unambiguously synergistic or antagonistic, but neuromodulation often entails balanced adjustment of nonlinear membrane and synaptic properties by targeting ion channel and synaptic dynamics rather than just excitability or synaptic strength. In addition, neuromodulators can exert effects at multiple timescales, from short-term adjustments of neuron and synapse function to persistent long-term regulation. This short review summarizes some highlights of the diverse actions of neuromodulators on ion channel and synaptic properties. |Animals [MESH] |Humans [MESH] |Nerve Net/physiology [MESH] |Neurons/*physiology [MESH] |Neurotransmitter Agents/*physiology [MESH] |Synapses/*physiology [MESH]Neuromodulation of neurons and synapses (epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing