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2015 ; 77
(4
): 537-49
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Neuroinflammation in motor neuron disease
#MMPMID26663933
Komine O
; Yamanaka K
Nagoya J Med Sci
2015[Nov]; 77
(4
): 537-49
PMID26663933
show ga
Increasing evidence suggests that the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases
including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is not restricted to the neurons
but attributed to the abnormal interactions of neurons and surrounding glial and
lymphoid cells. These findings led to the concept of non-cell autonomous
neurodegeneration. Neuroinflammation, which is mediated by activated glial cells
and infiltrated lymphocytes and accompanied by the subsequent production of
proinflammatory cytokines and neurotoxic or neuroprotective molecules, is
characteristic to the pathology in ALS and is a key component for non-cell
autonomous neurodegeneration. This review covers the involvement of microglia and
astrocytes in the ALS mouse models and human ALS, and it also covers the
deregulated pathways in motor neurons, which are involved in initiating the
disease. Based on the cell-type specific pathomechanisms of motor neuron disease,
targeting of neuroinflammation could lead to future therapeutic strategies for
ALS and could be potentially applied to other neurodegenerative diseases.