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2016 ; 17
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Neuroimmunological Implications of AQP4 in Astrocytes
#MMPMID27517922
Ikeshima-Kataoka H
Int J Mol Sci
2016[Aug]; 17
(8
): ä PMID27517922
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The brain has high-order functions and is composed of several kinds of cells,
such as neurons and glial cells. It is becoming clear that many kinds of
neurodegenerative diseases are more-or-less influenced by astrocytes, which are a
type of glial cell. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4), a membrane-bound protein that regulates
water permeability is a member of the aquaporin family of water channel proteins
that is expressed in the endfeet of astrocytes in the central nervous system
(CNS). Recently, AQP4 has been shown to function, not only as a water channel
protein, but also as an adhesion molecule that is involved in cell migration and
neuroexcitation, synaptic plasticity, and learning/memory through mechanisms
involved in long-term potentiation or long-term depression. The most extensively
examined role of AQP4 is its ability to act as a neuroimmunological inducer.
Previously, we showed that AQP4 plays an important role in neuroimmunological
functions in injured mouse brain in concert with the proinflammatory inducer
osteopontin (OPN). The aim of this review is to summarize the functional
implication of AQP4, focusing especially on its neuroimmunological roles. This
review is a good opportunity to compile recent knowledge and could contribute to
the therapeutic treatment of autoimmune diseases through strategies targeting
AQP4. Finally, the author would like to hypothesize on AQP4's role in interaction
between reactive astrocytes and reactive microglial cells, which might occur in
neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, a therapeutic strategy for AQP4-related
neurodegenerative diseases is proposed.
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