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2016 ; 5
(5
): e78
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Neural regulation of cancer: from mechanobiology to inflammation
#MMPMID27350878
Kim TH
; Rowat AC
; Sloan EK
Clin Transl Immunology
2016[May]; 5
(5
): e78
PMID27350878
show ga
Despite recent progress in cancer research, the exact nature of malignant
transformation and its progression is still not fully understood. Particularly
metastasis, which accounts for most cancer death, is a very complex process, and
new treatment strategies require a more comprehensive understanding of underlying
regulatory mechanisms. Recently, the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) has been
implicated in cancer progression and beta-blockers have been identified as a
novel strategy to limit metastasis. This review discusses evidence that SNS
signaling regulates metastasis by modulating the physical characteristics of
tumor cells, tumor-associated immune cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM).
Altered mechanotype is an emerging hallmark of cancer cells that is linked to
invasive phenotype and treatment resistance. Mechanotype also influences
crosstalk between tumor cells and their environment, and may thus have a critical
role in cancer progression. First, we discuss how neural signaling regulates
metastasis and how SNS signaling regulates both biochemical and mechanical
properties of tumor cells, immune cells and the ECM. We then review our current
knowledge of the mechanobiology of cancer with a focus on metastasis. Next, we
discuss links between SNS activity and tumor-associated inflammation, the
mechanical properties of immune cells, and how the physical properties of the ECM
regulate cancer and metastasis. Finally, we discuss the potential for clinical
translation of our knowledge of cancer mechanobiology to improve diagnosis and
treatment.