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2014 ; 25
(6
): 1436-1450
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Negotiation of territorial boundaries in a songbird
#MMPMID25419086
Vehrencamp SL
; Ellis JM
; Cropp BF
; Koltz JM
Behav Ecol
2014[Nov]; 25
(6
): 1436-1450
PMID25419086
show ga
How do territorial neighbors resolve the location of their boundaries? We
addressed this question by testing the predictions of 2 nonexclusive game
theoretical models for competitive signaling: the sequential assessment game and
the territorial bargaining game. Our study species, the banded wren, is a
neotropical nonmigratory songbird living in densely packed territorial
neighborhoods. The males possess repertoires of approximately 25 song types that
are largely shared between neighbors and sequentially delivered with variable
switching rates. Over 3 days, boundary disputes among pairs of neighboring males
were synchronously recorded, their perch positions were marked, and their
behavioral interactions were noted. For each countersinging interaction between 2
focal males, we quantified approach and retreat order, a variety of song and call
patterns, closest approach distance, distance from the territorial center, and
female presence. Aggressors produced more rattle-buzz songs during the
approaching phase of interactions, whereas defenders overlapped their opponent's
songs. During the close phase of the interaction, both males matched frequently,
but the key determinant of which one retreated first was song-type
diversity-first retreaters sang with a higher diversity. Retreaters also produced
more unshared song types during the interaction, and in the retreating phase of
the interaction, they overlapped more. A negative correlation between song-type
diversity asymmetry and contest duration suggested sequential assessment of
motivational asymmetry. The use of this graded signal, which varied with distance
from the center and indicated a male's motivation to defend a particular
position, supported the bargaining model. The bargaining game could be viewed as
a series of sequential assessment contests.