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2015 ; 48
(8
): 454-60
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gab.com Text
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English Wikipedia
Naturally occurring reoviruses for human cancer therapy
#MMPMID26058397
Kim M
BMB Rep
2015[Aug]; 48
(8
): 454-60
PMID26058397
show ga
Naturally occurring reoviruses are live replication-proficient viruses that
specifically infect human cancer cells while sparing their normal counterpart.
Since the discovery of reoviruses in 1950s, they have shown various degrees of
safety and efficacy in pre-clinical or clinical applications for human
anti-cancer therapeutics. I have recently discovered that cellular tumor
suppressor genes are also important in determining reoviral tropism.
Carcinogenesis is a multi-step process involving the accumulation of both
oncogene and tumor suppressor gene abnormalities. Reoviruses can exploit abnormal
cellular tumor suppressor signaling for their oncolytic specificity and efficacy.
Many tumor suppressor genes such as p53, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), and
retinoblastoma associated (RB) are known to play important roles in genomic
fidelity/maintenance. Thus, a tumor suppressor gene abnormality could affect host
genomic integrity and likely disrupt intact antiviral networks due to the
accumulation of genetic defects which in turn could result in oncolytic reovirus
susceptibility. This review outlines the discovery of oncolytic reovirus strains,
recent progresses in elucidating the molecular connection between oncogene/tumor
suppressor gene abnormalities and reoviral oncotropism, and their clinical
implications. Future directions in the utility of reovirus virotherapy is also
proposed in this review.