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2017 ; 292
(18
): 7348-7357
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Nanostructure and stability of calcitonin amyloids
#MMPMID28283568
Rigoldi F
; Metrangolo P
; Redaelli A
; Gautieri A
J Biol Chem
2017[May]; 292
(18
): 7348-7357
PMID28283568
show ga
Calcitonin is a 32-amino acid thyroid hormone that can form amyloid fibrils. The
structural basis of the fibril formation and stabilization is still debated and
poorly understood. The reason is that NMR data strongly suggest antiparallel
?-sheet calcitonin assembly, whereas modeling studies on the short DFNKF peptide
(corresponding to the sequence from Asp(15) to Phe(19) of human calcitonin and
reported as the minimal amyloidogenic module) show that it assembles with
parallel ?-sheets. In this work, we first predict the structure of human
calcitonin through two complementary molecular dynamics (MD) methods, finding
that human calcitonin forms an ?-helix. We use extensive MD simulations to
compare previously proposed calcitonin fibril structures. We find that two
conformations, the parallel arrangement and one of the possible antiparallel
structures (with Asp(15) and Phe(19) aligned), are highly stable and ordered.
Nonetheless, fibrils with parallel molecules show bulky loops formed by residues
1 to 7 located on the same side, which could limit or prevent the formation of
larger amyloids. We investigate fibrils formed by the DFNKF peptide by simulating
different arrangements of this amyloidogenic core sequence. We show that DFNKF
fibrils are highly stable when assembled in parallel ?-sheets, whereas they
quickly unfold in antiparallel conformation. Our results indicate that the DFNKF
peptide represents only partially the full-length calcitonin behavior. Contrary
to the full-length polypeptide, in fact, the DFNKF sequence is not stable in
antiparallel conformation, suggesting that the residue flanking the amyloidogenic
peptide contributes to the stabilization of the experimentally observed
antiparallel ?-sheet packing.