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2016 ; 7
(ä): 485
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NETosis as Source of Autoantigens in Rheumatoid Arthritis
#MMPMID27895639
Corsiero E
; Pratesi F
; Prediletto E
; Bombardieri M
; Migliorini P
Front Immunol
2016[]; 7
(ä): 485
PMID27895639
show ga
In neutrophils (but also in eosinophils and in mast cells), different
inflammatory stimuli induce histone deimination, chromatin decondensation, and
NET formation. These web-like structures that trap and kill microbes contain DNA,
cationic granule proteins, and antimicrobial peptides, but the most abundant
proteins are core histones. Histones contained in NETs have been deiminated, and
arginines are converted in citrullines. While deimination is a physiological
process amplified in inflammatory conditions, only individuals carrying genetic
predisposition to develop rheumatoid arthritis (RA) make antibodies to deiminated
proteins. These antibodies, collectively identified as anti-citrullinated
proteins/peptides antibodies (ACPA), react with different deiminated proteins and
display partially overlapping specificities. In this paper, we will summarize
current evidence supporting the role of NETosis as critical mechanism in the
breach of tolerance to self-antigens and in supporting expansion and
differentiation of autoreactive cells. In fact, several lines of evidence connect
NETosis with RA: RA unstimulated synovial fluid neutrophils display enhanced
NETosis; sera from RA patients with Felty's syndrome bind deiminated H3 and NETs;
a high number of RA sera bind deiminated H4 contained in NETs; human monoclonal
antibodies generated from RA synovial B cells decorate NETs and bind deiminated
histones. In RA, NETs represent on one side an important source of autoantigens
bearing posttranslational modifications and fueling the production of ACPA. On
the other side, NETs deliver signals that maintain an inflammatory milieu and
contribute to the expansion and differentiation of ACPA-producing B cells.