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2016 ; 183
(3
): 469-79
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NET amyloidogenic backbone in human activated neutrophils
#MMPMID26462606
Pulze L
; Bassani B
; Gini E
; D'Antona P
; Grimaldi A
; Luini A
; Marino F
; Noonan DM
; Tettamanti G
; Valvassori R
; de Eguileor M
Clin Exp Immunol
2016[Mar]; 183
(3
): 469-79
PMID26462606
show ga
Activated human neutrophils produce a fibrillar DNA network [neutrophil
extracellular traps (NETs)] for entrapping and killing bacteria, fungi, protozoa
and viruses. Our results suggest that the neutrophil extracellular traps show a
resistant amyloidogenic backbone utilized for addressing reputed proteins and DNA
against the non-self. The formation of amyloid fibrils in neutrophils is
regulated by the imbalance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cytoplasm. The
intensity and source of the ROS signal is determinant for promoting
stress-associated responses such as amyloidogenesis and closely related events:
autophagy, exosome release, activation of the adrenocorticotrophin
hormone/?-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (ACTH/?-MSH) loop and synthesis of
specific cytokines. These interconnected responses in human activated
neutrophils, that have been evaluated from a morphofunctional and quantitative
viewpoint, represent primitive, but potent, innate defence mechanisms. In
invertebrates, circulating phagocytic immune cells, when activated, show
responses similar to those described previously for activated human neutrophils.
Invertebrate cells within endoplasmic reticulum cisternae produce a fibrillar
material which is then assembled into an amyloidogenic scaffold utilized to
convey melanin close to the invader. These findings, in consideration to the
critical role played by NET in the development of several pathologies, could
explain the structural resistance of these scaffolds and could provide the basis
for developing new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in immunomediated
diseases in which the innate branch of the immune system has a pivotal role.