Warning: imagejpeg(C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\phplern\24180474
.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 Antioxid+Redox+Signal
2014 ; 20
(17
): 2794-814
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
Twit Text FOAVip
Twit Text #
English Wikipedia
NADPH oxidases in vascular pathology
#MMPMID24180474
Konior A
; Schramm A
; Czesnikiewicz-Guzik M
; Guzik TJ
Antioxid Redox Signal
2014[Jun]; 20
(17
): 2794-814
PMID24180474
show ga
SIGNIFICANCE: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a critical role in vascular
disease. While there are many possible sources of ROS, nicotinamide adenine
dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases play a central role. They are a source of
"kindling radicals," which affect other enzymes, such as nitric oxide synthase
endothelial nitric oxide synthase or xanthine oxidase. This is important, as risk
factors for atherosclerosis (hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and
smoking) regulate the expression and activity of NADPH oxidases in the vessel
wall. RECENT ADVANCES: There are seven isoforms in mammals: Nox1, Nox2, Nox3,
Nox4, Nox5, Duox1 and Duox2. Nox1, Nox2, Nox4, and Nox5 are expressed in
endothelium, vascular smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, or perivascular
adipocytes. Other homologues have not been found or are expressed at very low
levels; their roles have not been established. Nox1/Nox2 promote the development
of endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and inflammation. Nox4 may have a role
in protecting the vasculature during stress; however, when its activity is
increased, it may be detrimental. Calcium-dependent Nox5 has been implicated in
oxidative damage in human atherosclerosis. CRITICAL ISSUES: NADPH oxidase-derived
ROS play a role in vascular pathology as well as in the maintenance of normal
physiological vascular function. We also discuss recently elucidated mechanisms
such as the role of NADPH oxidases in vascular protection, vascular inflammation,
pulmonary hypertension, tumor angiogenesis, and central nervous system regulation
of vascular function and hypertension. FUTURE DIRECTIONS: Understanding the role
of individual oxidases and interactions between homologues in vascular disease is
critical for efficient pharmacological regulation of vascular NADPH oxidases in
both the laboratory and clinical practice.
free
free
free
