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2018 ; 102
(8
): 1021-1027
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Myopia: its historical contexts
#MMPMID29437569
de Jong PTVM
Br J Ophthalmol
2018[Aug]; 102
(8
): 1021-1027
PMID29437569
show ga
Worldwide, and especially in Asia, myopia is a major vision-threatening disorder.
From AD 1600 on, to prevent myopia, authors warned against near work without
sufficient pauses. There was an abundance of theories about the causes of myopia,
the most common one being the necessity of extra convergence on nearby work with
thickened extraocular muscles and elevated intraocular pressure. Ocular
tenotomies against myopia were in vogue for a while. Axial lengthening of the eye
in myopia was mentioned around 1700, but it took 150 years to become accepted as
the most prevalent sign of high myopia. In 1864, a lucid concept of myopia and
other ametropias arose through a clear separation between accommodation and
refraction. Posterior staphyloma was known around 1800 and its association with
myopia became evident some 30 years later. There still seems to be no generally
accepted classification of myopia and particularly not of degenerative or
pathologic myopia. This review focuses on myopia from 350 BC until the 21st
century and on the earliest writings on the histology of eyes with posterior
staphyloma. A proposal for myopia classification is given.
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