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2017 ; 317
(ä): 1-8
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Myeloperoxidase: A new player in autoimmunity
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Strzepa A
; Pritchard KA
; Dittel BN
Cell Immunol
2017[Jul]; 317
(ä): 1-8
PMID28511921
show ga
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is the most toxic enzyme found in the azurophilic granules
of neutrophils. MPO utilizes H(2)O(2) to generate hypochlorous acid (HClO) and
other reactive moieties, which kill pathogens during infections. In contrast, in
the setting of sterile inflammation, MPO and MPO-derived oxidants are thought to
be pathogenic, promoting inflammation and causing tissue damage. In contrast,
evidence also exists that MPO can limit the extent of immune responses. Elevated
MPO levels and activity are observed in a number of autoimmune diseases including
in the central nervous system (CNS) of multiple sclerosis (MS) and the joints of
rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. A pathogenic role for MPO in driving
autoimmune inflammation was demonstrated using mouse models. Mechanisms whereby
MPO is thought to contribute to disease pathogenesis include tuning of adaptive
immune responses and/or the induction of vascular permeability.