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2014 ; 13
(ä): 300-22
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Mycoplasmas and cancer: focus on nucleoside metabolism
#MMPMID26417262
Vande Voorde J
; Balzarini J
; Liekens S
EXCLI J
2014[]; 13
(ä): 300-22
PMID26417262
show ga
The standard of care for patients suffering cancer often includes treatment with
nucleoside analogues (NAs). NAs are internalized by cell-specific
nucleobase/nucleoside transporters and, after enzymatic activation (often one or
more phosphorylation steps), interfere with cellular nucleo(s)(t)ide metabolism
and DNA/RNA synthesis. Therefore, their efficacy is highly dependent on the
expression and activity of nucleo(s)(t)ide-metabolizing enzymes, and alterations
thereof (e.g. by down/upregulated expression or mutations) may change the
susceptibility to NA-based therapy and/or confer drug resistance. Apart from host
cell factors, several other variables including microbial presence may determine
the metabolome (i.e. metabolite concentrations) of human tissues. Studying the
diversity of microorganisms that are associated with the human body has already
provided new insights in several diseases (e.g. diabetes and inflammatory bowel
disease) and the metabolic exchange between tissues and their specific microbiota
was found to affect the bioavailability and toxicity of certain anticancer drugs,
including NAs. Several studies report a preferential colonization of tumor
tissues with some mycoplasma species (mostly Mycoplasma hyorhinis). These
prokaryotes are also a common source of cell culture contamination and alter the
cytostatic activity of some NAs in vitro due to the expression of
nucleoside-catabolizing enzymes. Mycoplasma infection may therefore bias
experimental work with NAs, and their presence in the tumor microenvironment
could be of significance when optimizing nucleoside-based cancer treatment.