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2015 ; 30
(1
): 93-103
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Mycobacterial endocarditis: a comprehensive review
#MMPMID25859873
Yuan SM
Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc
2015[Jan]; 30
(1
): 93-103
PMID25859873
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OBJECTIVE: A systematic analysis was made in view of the epidemiology, clinical
features, diagnosis, treatment and main outcomes of mycobacterial endocarditis.
METHODS: The data source of the present study was based on a comprehensive
literature search in MEDLINE, Highwire Press and Google search engine for
publications on mycobacterial endocarditis published between 2000 and 2013.
RESULTS: The rapidly growing mycobacteria become the predominant pathogens with
Mycobacterium chelonae being the most common. This condition has changed
significantly in terms of epidemiology since the 21st century, with more broad
patient age range, longer latency, prevailed mitral valve infections and better
prognosis. CONCLUSION: Mycobacterial endocarditis is rare and the causative
pathogens are predominantly the rapidly growing mycobacteria. Amikacin,
ciprofloxacin and clarithromycin are the most frequently used targeted
antimicrobial agents but often show poor responses. Patients with deep infections
may warrant a surgical operation or line withdrawal. With periodic multidrug
therapy guided by drug susceptibility testing, and surgical managements, patients
may achieve good therapeutic results.
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