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2008 ; 65
(21
): 3383-98
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Murine endogenous retroviruses
#MMPMID18818872
Stocking C
; Kozak CA
Cell Mol Life Sci
2008[Nov]; 65
(21
): 3383-98
PMID18818872
show ga
Up to 10% of the mouse genome is comprised of endogenous retrovirus (ERV)
sequences, and most represent the remains of ancient germ line infections. Our
knowledge of the three distinct classes of ERVs is inversely correlated with
their copy number, and their characterization has benefited from the availability
of divergent wild mouse species and subspecies, and from ongoing analysis of the
Mus genome sequence. In contrast to human ERVs, which are nearly all extinct,
active mouse ERVs can still be found in all three ERV classes. The distribution
and diversity of ERVs has been shaped by host-virus interactions over the course
of evolution, but ERVs have also been pivotal in shaping the mouse genome by
altering host genes through insertional mutagenesis, by adding novel regulatory
and coding sequences, and by their co-option by host cells as retroviral
resistance genes. We review mechanisms by which an adaptive coexistence has
evolved. (Part of a multi-author review).
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