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2016 ; 88
(13
): 6703-10
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Multiplexed Western Blotting Using Microchip Electrophoresis
#MMPMID27270033
Jin S
; Furtaw MD
; Chen H
; Lamb DT
; Ferguson SA
; Arvin NE
; Dawod M
; Kennedy RT
Anal Chem
2016[Jul]; 88
(13
): 6703-10
PMID27270033
show ga
Western blotting is a commonly used protein assay that combines the selectivity
of electrophoretic separation and immunoassay. The technique is limited by long
time, manual operation with mediocre reproducibility, and large sample
consumption, typically 10-20 ?g per assay. Western blots are also usually used to
measure only one protein per assay with an additional housekeeping protein for
normalization. Measurement of multiple proteins is possible; however, it requires
stripping membranes of antibody and then reprobing with a second antibody.
Miniaturized alternatives to Western blot based on microfluidic or capillary
electrophoresis have been developed that enable higher-throughput, automation,
and greater mass sensitivity. In one approach, proteins are separated by
electrophoresis on a microchip that is dragged along a polyvinylidene fluoride
membrane so that as proteins exit the chip they are captured on the membrane for
immunoassay. In this work, we improve this method to allow multiplexed protein
detection. Multiple injections made from the same sample can be deposited in
separate tracks so that each is probed with a different antibody. To further
enhance multiplexing capability, the electrophoresis channel dimensions were
optimized for resolution while keeping separation and blotting times to less than
8 min. Using a 15 ?m deep × 50 ?m wide × 8.6 cm long channel, it is possible to
achieve baseline resolution of proteins that differ by 5% in molecular weight,
e.g., ERK1 (44 kDa) from ERK2 (42 kDa). This resolution allows similar proteins
detected by cross-reactive antibodies in a single track. We demonstrate detection
of 11 proteins from 9 injections from a single Jurkat cell lysate sample
consisting of 400 ng of total protein using this procedure. Thus, multiplexed
Western blots are possible without cumbersome stripping and reprobing steps.
|*Blotting, Western
[MESH]
|Electrophoresis, Microchip/*methods
[MESH]
|Humans
[MESH]
|Jurkat Cells
[MESH]
|Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/analysis
[MESH]
|Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/analysis
[MESH]